🌟 Why Plants and Animals Need a Transportation System? All living beings need food, oxygen, and water to survive. These must reach each cell of the body for proper functioning. A transport system delivers nutrients, gases, and removes wastes. Animals use blood and vessels, plants use
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Introduction Adolescence is the stage of life between childhood and adulthood. It usually happens between the ages of 11 and 19. Children at this age are called teenagers because these years fall in the “teens.” During this period, the body becomes capable of reproduction and undergoes
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Chapter 1: Motion Brief: Motion describes how objects move – speed, velocity, acceleration, and equations of motion. Formulas & Explanations: Speed – how fast an object moves: s = speed, d = distance, t = time. Velocity – speed with direction: Acceleration – change of velocity
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Centripetal Force Force acting towards the centre of circular path. Example: Moon revolves around Earth due to Earth’s centripetal force. Newton’s Observations Apple falls because Earth attracts it. Apple also attracts Earth (Newton’s 3rd law). Conclusion: All objects attract each other → Gravitational Force. Universal Law
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What Makes Things Visible? We see objects when light from them enters our eyes. Two ways light reaches our eyes: Luminous objects → Emit their own light (Sun, candle, lamp). Illuminated objects → Reflect light from another source (Moon, book, table). In darkness → no light,
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The Rise of the East India Company in India Entry of the East India Company In 1600, Queen Elizabeth I gave the English East India Company the exclusive right to trade with the East. The Company searched for regions where production costs were low. But it
Read MoreSection A – Very Short Answer Questions (1 × 5 = 5 Marks) (Answer each question in one sentence) Define a chemical reaction. Give one example each of an exothermic and an endothermic reaction. What is the difference between a physical change and a chemical change?
Read MoreGeneral Chemical Names and Formulas Everyday Substances General Name Chemical Name Formula Water Hydrogen monoxide H₂O Common Salt / Table Salt Sodium Chloride NaCl Sand / Quartz Silicon dioxide SiO₂ Marble / Limestone Calcium Carbonate CaCO₃ Washing Soda Sodium Carbonate Na₂CO₃ Caustic Soda Sodium Hydroxide NaOH
Read MoreThe Taste Behind Food: Acids & Bases Ever wondered why lemons taste sour or soap feels bitter? It’s due to the presence of acids and bases in them. Acids Acids are substances that release hydrogen ions (H⁺) when dissolved in water. They usually taste sour. They
Read More.🧬 The Fundamental Unit of Life – Detailed Notes (Class 9) 🧠 Why Study Cells? Every living being, from a tiny bacterium to a huge whale, is made up of cells. These cells are the building blocks of life. Just like bricks form buildings, cells form
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