SECTION A – MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (1 × 9 = 9 marks)
Choose the correct option.
- Civilisation refers to a ________.
a) Simple society b) Advanced state of human society c) Nomadic lifestyle d) Rural village - The earliest civilisation of the Indian subcontinent is known as the ________.
a) Mesopotamian b) Harappan/Indus Valley c) Egyptian d) Chinese - Harappan houses were mostly made of ________.
a) Wood b) Dry grass c) Baked bricks d) Metal sheets - The Great Bath was discovered at ________.
a) Harappa b) Mohenjodaro c) Kalibangan d) Lothal - Harappans traded with ________, as seals were found there.
a) Greece b) China c) Oman & Mesopotamia d) Indonesia - What feature is located to the west of the citadel at Kalibangan?
a) Lower town b) Cemetery c) Dockyard d) Farmland - The Kalibangan settlement was built alongside the dry bed of which river?
a) Indus b) Ganga c) Ghaggar d) Sarasvati - What separated the citadel from the lower town in Kalibangan?
a) A natural cliff b) A high wall c) A wide open ground d) A river canal - The site map of Kalibangan shows multiple ________ to enter different parts of the settlement.
a) Towers b) Entrances c) Pits d) Water tanks
SECTION B – FILL IN THE BLANKS (1 × 5 = 5 marks)
- The Harappan drainage system was one of the best in ________.
- The ________ side of Harappan towns contained important buildings like granaries and assembly halls.
- The Harappan script was ________ in nature.
- The decline of the Indus Valley Civilisation began around ________ BCE.
- Kalibangan is located in modern-day ________.
SECTION C – VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2 × 9 = 18 marks)
Answer in 2–3 sentences.
- Define “civilisation” in simple words.
- Why were rivers important for early civilisations?
- Mention two features of Harappan town planning.
- What kinds of clothes did Harappans wear?
- State two reasons that may have led to the decline of the Indus Valley Civilisation.
- What does the separation of the citadel and lower town in Kalibangan suggest about its urban planning?
- Why was the Kalibangan settlement built near the dry bed of the Ghaggar River? Mention one reason.
- What does the presence of multiple pathways/roads in Kalibangan indicate about the civilisation?
- What does the cemetery shown on the map tell us about Harappan society?
SECTION D – SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (3 × 9 = 27 marks)
Answer in 4–5 sentences.
- Explain the importance of the citadel in Harappan towns.
- Describe any three occupations of Harappan people.
- Write three features of Harappan houses.
- How do we know that the Harappans traded with distant regions?
- Describe the Harappan drainage system.
- What does the location of the citadel in Kalibangan tell us about the social and administrative life of the Harappans? Give three points.
- Explain how the layout of the lower town at Kalibangan shows organisation in daily life. Mention any three features.
SECTION E – LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (5 × 3 = 15 marks)
Answer in 8–10 sentences.
- Describe the main features of the Indus Valley Civilisation in terms of:
Town planning • Architecture . • Art & craft . • Social life • Trade










