1. Q01
   What is meant by biodiversity?
   AOnly forest cover

   BVariety of living organisms and their interdependence

   COnly endangered animals

   DOnly cultivated plants
2. Q02
   Which of the following is a primary producer in the ecological system?
   ATiger

   BDeer

   CGreen plants

   DHuman beings
3. Q03
   The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act was implemented in:
   A1962

   B1972

   C1988

   D1991
4. Q04
   Project Tiger was launched in:
   A1972

   B1973

   C1980

   D1986
5. Q05
   Which was a major threat to tigers discussed in NCERT?
   APoaching

   BIncreasing prey base

   CHabitat expansion

   DDecreasing human population
6. Q06
   Which type accounts for more than half of the forest land as described in NCERT?
   AProtected forests

   BUnclassed forests

   CReserved forests

   DPrivate plantations
7. Q07
   Which category includes forests and wastelands belonging to governments, private individuals and communities?
   AReserved forests

   BProtected forests

   CUnclassed forests

   DNational parks
8. Q08
   Which state passed the first resolution for Joint Forest Management in 1988?
   ARajasthan

   BOdisha

   CKerala

   DAssam
9. Q09
   The Chipko movement is particularly associated with:
   AResistance to deforestation

   BTiger poaching

   CMining expansion

   DCommercial fishing
10. Q10
    Which of these does not primarily represent direct community participation in conservation?
    AJoint Forest Management

    BBeej Bachao Andolan

    CChipko movement

    DDemarcation of wildlife sanctuaries
11. Q11
    Which of the following tiger reserves is located in Assam?
    APeriyar

    BSariska

    CManas

    DBandhavgarh
12. Q12
    Which of the following best describes sacred groves?
    ACommercial timber plantations

    BProtected forest patches linked with traditional beliefs

    CArtificial city parks

    DMining reserves

Options: (A) Both A and R are true, and R explains A. (B) Both A and R are true, but R does not explain A. (C) A is true, but R is false. (D) A is false, but R is true.

1. Q13Assertion (A): Conservation of forests and wildlife helps preserve genetic diversity.
   Reason (R): Genetic diversity supports species growth and breeding.
2. Q14Assertion (A): Reserved forests are considered particularly valuable for conservation.
   Reason (R): NCERT describes more than half of total forest land as reserved forests.
3. Q15Assertion (A): Project Tiger was launched in 1973.
   Reason (R): Tigers faced threats including poaching, habitat shrinkage and depletion of prey species.
4. Q16Assertion (A): Local communities have no role in wildlife conservation in India.
   Reason (R): Some communities protect habitats through customary rules and collective action.
5. Q17Assertion (A): Sacred groves can help preserve biodiversity.
   Reason (R): Local beliefs can prevent interference with certain forest patches.
6. Q18Assertion (A): Joint Forest Management involves village-level institutions.
   Reason (R): These institutions help protect degraded forests and may receive forest-produce benefits.

1. Q19Define biodiversity and explain one way it supports human survival.
2. Q20Why are forests called primary producers in an ecological system?
3. Q21State two reasons why forest and wildlife conservation is essential.
4. Q22Mention two measures introduced under the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.
5. Q23Name any two species, other than tigers, that received conservation attention in India according to the chapter.
6. Q24List two major threats to tiger populations.
7. Q25What is meant by a permanent forest estate?
8. Q26What are unclassed forests? Who may own or manage them?
9. Q27What is a sacred grove?
10. Q28What is Joint Forest Management (JFM)?

1. Q29Explain three ways biodiversity is connected with the quality of air, water and soil.
2. Q30Explain any three measures taken by the government to conserve endangered wildlife.
3. Q31Why was Project Tiger introduced? Explain three threats faced by tigers.
4. Q32Differentiate between reserved forests, protected forests and unclassed forests.
5. Q33How did the Chipko movement demonstrate the importance of community participation?
6. Q34Explain how villagers in Alwar district of Rajasthan protected forest and wildlife.
7. Q35What are sacred groves? Explain their significance with examples from the chapter.
8. Q36Explain how the Beej Bachao Andolan and Navdanya illustrate conservation-oriented farming.

1. Q37“Conservation of forests and wildlife is essential for maintaining life-support systems.” Justify with five points.
2. Q38Describe the evolution of wildlife conservation in India, referring to the Wildlife (Protection) Act, species protection and the shift towards biodiversity conservation.
3. Q39Explain the objectives of Project Tiger, the reasons for the decline in tiger population and the wider significance of tiger conservation.
4. Q40“Local communities are crucial partners in conserving forests and wildlife.” Support this statement using examples from Rajasthan, the Himalayas and traditional practices.
5. Q41Describe the structure, working and benefits of Joint Forest Management in India.
6. Q42Explain the three categories of forests in India and discuss their distribution as described in NCERT.

1. Q43CASE 1: A district has patches of forest where local people do not cut trees because they believe the area is sacred. Traditional communities also protect nearby animals. (i) Identify the conservation practice. (ii) Give one reason such practices help biodiversity. (iii) Name one example of a sacred tree or community-based wildlife practice mentioned in NCERT. (iv) Suggest one way to involve young people in preserving these traditions.
2. Q44CASE 2: A tiger reserve reports illegal hunting, declining prey numbers and forest fragmentation. The authorities plan stronger habitat protection and cooperation with nearby villages. (i) Identify two threats described. (ii) In which year was Project Tiger launched? (iii) Why is protecting the habitat as important as protecting individual tigers?
3. Q45CASE 3: A village committee helps protect degraded forest land managed by the Forest Department. Members receive certain non-timber forest produce and a share in timber harvested after successful protection. (i) Identify the programme. (ii) Which state first passed its resolution in 1988? (iii) Describe two benefits of involving local communities in this work.

1. Q46On an outline political map of India, locate and label the states associated with these NCERT examples: Corbett National Park, Sunderbans National Park, Bandhavgarh National Park, Sariska Wildlife Sanctuary, Manas Tiger Reserve and Periyar Tiger Reserve.
2. Q47A village wants to clear a forest patch for short-term income. Suggest three alternatives that balance livelihood needs and forest conservation.
3. Q48Compare a government-only conservation approach with community participation. Which challenges can community involvement help solve?
4. Q49A student claims, “Protecting only tigers is enough to protect biodiversity.” Evaluate the statement using the chapter’s ideas.
5. Q50Explain why preventing hunting alone cannot fully protect wildlife species.
6. Q51Create a three-column comparison chart for reserved, protected and unclassed forests, including definition, purpose and ownership/management.
7. Q52Explain how protecting traditional crop varieties and aquatic biodiversity supports human livelihoods.
8. Q53Write a short note on two environment-friendly practices your school or neighbourhood can adopt, linking them with ideas from the chapter.